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[personal profile] calzephyr
Cavaquinho - noun.

A cavaquinho is a small, four-stringed instrument resembling a small guitar hailing from Portugal. Unsurprisingly, there are many regional variations and sizes, which you can check out on Wikipedia.

Bonus word: One who plays the instrument is called a cavaquista.


Vea.cavaquinho.png
By Lionel Scheepmans - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link


[identity profile] sallymn.livejournal.com

palaver [puh-lav-er, ‐lah-ver ]

noun:
1  a  a long parley usually between persons of different cultures or levels of sophistication
    b  conference, discussion
2  a  idle talk
    b  misleading or beguiling speech
verb:
1  talk profusely and idly
2  parley or confer

Examples:

What a palaver that would create: the women’s champion not coming to talk about the joys of lifting one of the sport’s biggest prizes. (Paul Myers, French Open returns with usual suspects, coronavirus restrictions and ructions, rfi, May 2021)

Brown and anonymous in plumage they may be, but the birds are also invariably invisible at the hedge bottom, where they maintain a perpetual, self-absorbed palaver. The amusing process usually goes something like this: the mere sound of the door sparks a lull in proceedings and my appearance imposes instant silence, the noise of food scraping arouses a slight renewal of conversation, and the click of the closing door turns that palaver back on as if it were a switch. (Mark Cocker, Country diary: the shy side of our cheeky sparrows, The Guardian, December 2020)

Here they were attacked by the bow-and-arrow men, whom they could not persuade to palaver with them. (Edgar Rice Burroughs, Out of Time's Abyss)

Poyser might sit down if he liked, she thought; she wasn't going to sit down, as if she'd give in to any such smooth-tongued palaver. (George Eliot, Adam Bede)

Origin:

1733 (implied in palavering), 'a long talk, a conference, a tedious discussion,' sailors' slang, from Portuguese palavra 'word, speech, talk,' from a metathesis of Late Latin parabola 'speech, discourse,' from Latin parabola 'comparison'.

In West Africa the Portuguese word became a traders' term for 'negotiating with the natives,' and apparently English picked up the word there. (The Spanish cognate, palabra, appears 16c.-17c. in Spanish phrases used in English.) The meaning 'idle profuse talk' is recorded by 1748. The verb, 'indulge in palaver,' is by 1733, from the noun. (Online Etymology Dictionary)

During the 18th century, Portuguese and English sailors often met during trading trips along the West African coast. This contact prompted the English to borrow the Portuguese palavra, which usually means 'speech' or 'word' but was used by Portuguese traders with the specific meaning 'discussions with natives.' The Portuguese word traces back to the Late Latin parabola, a noun meaning 'speech' or 'parable,' which in turn comes from the Greek parabolē, meaning 'juxtaposition' or 'comparison.' (Merriam-Webster)

[identity profile] prettygoodword.livejournal.com
molasses (muh-LAS-iz) - n., a thick, dark syrup produced by boiling down juice from sugarcane.


Or, let it be admitted, from other sweet juices -- beet, sorghum, maple syrup, and so on. It's a product of a step in the process of refining sugar -- the next being to crystallize out the sugar, resulting in brown sugar. It can be used in cooking as a sweetener and to provide a distinctive flavor -- though note that in the UK and some Commonwealth countries, molasses for human consumption is instead called treacle. It's been a word in English since the 1570s, adopted from either Portuguese melaço or French mélasse, both from Late Latin mellāceus, honeylike/honey-sweet, from Latin mel, honey.


Thanks, Wikimedia!

"As slow as molasses in January" dates to when the stuff was kept in barrels in unheated locations -- it can get v-e-r-y s--l--o--w p---o---u---r---i---n---g.

---L.
[identity profile] prettygoodword.livejournal.com
cuspidor (KUHS-pi-dawr) - n., a spittoon.



Thanks, Wikimedia!

Or spitoon, if you prefer that spelling -- a receptacle for spit, especially from chewing tobacco, so as to not spit on the floor or street. James Joyce claimed that cuspidor is the most beautiful word in English. It is, actually, the older word for the utensil, spittoon having been coined around 1823 while cuspidor was borrowed around 1735 from Portuguese cuspidouro, place for spitting, from cuspir, to spit, from Latin conspuere, from com-, here an intensifier + spuere, to spit -- so a cognate of spew.

It was an ordinary outer office, with a railing of spindles separating the telephone switchboard and two typewriter desks from two public settles and a brass cuspidor.

---L.
med_cat: (Default)
[personal profile] med_cat
Apologies for missing last Friday; here are two words, to make up for it:
~~


Nefelibata
(ne-fe-LE-ba-ta)
Noun:
-A cloud walker; one who lives in the cloud of their own imagination or dreams, or one who does not abide by the precepts of society, literature, or art;
-An unconventional, unorthodox person.

From Portuguese “nephele” cloud and “batha" - a place where you can walk

Used in a sentence:
“Always the nefelibata in grade school, his social calendar was generally wide open; but now that he’s a billionaire, he finds it difficult to decide which event he wishes to grace with his much sought after presence.”



Grandiloquent Word of the Day: Podsnappery
(POD•SNAP•per•ee)
Noun:
-An attitude toward life marked by complacency and a refusal to recognize unpleasant facts
-Smug self-satisfaction and a lack of interest in the affairs of others

From Podsnap + -ery, referring to a character Mr. Podsnap in Charles Dickens' Our Mutual Friend (1864–1865), in which this word was also coined. Podsnap was "conscious that he set a brilliant social example in being particularly well satisfied with most things, and, above all other things, with himself”

Used in a sentence:
“These may be said to have been the articles of a faith and school which the present chapter takes the liberty of calling, after its representative man, Podsnappery.”
~Charles Dickens - Our Mutual Friend

(both are from Grandiloquent Word of the Day FB page)
[identity profile] prettygoodword.livejournal.com
babassu (bah-buh-SOO) - n., any of several Brazilian feather palm trees (genus Orbignya) with hard-shelled, edible nuts that yield an oil used in making soap, margarine, and so on and as a biofuel.


The oil also being called babassu. From Portuguese babassu (now spelled babaçu), from Tupi babassú or ibabassú, from ibá, fruit + guasu, large.

The 747 successfully flew using fuel derived from a mixture of babassu and coconut oil.

(This did happen: an experiment by Virgin Airlines.)

---L.
[identity profile] prettygoodword.livejournal.com
coir (KOIR) - n., fiber from the husk of coconuts, used in making rope, matting, brushes, and so on.


This is not the thick outer husk, but the fibers found between that and the hard shell of the coconut. The fibers are relatively waterproof, and are one of the few natural fibers resistant to saltwater damage, thus their ancient use for ropes on ships. The fibers are also rather stiff and coarse, so not generally used for clothing that touches the skin if you can avoid it -- that said, I came across the word in Water Margin, in which a character appears in the rain with a coir cape or raincoat. The word was adopted around 1580 from Malayalam kāyaṟ, cord, from kāyaru, to be twisted -- replacing the a previous adoption of cairo via Portuguese from its Tamil cognate kayiṟu, rope.

Coir matting lay on the floor boards, then a thick Chinese quilt, then a Scotch plaid made in Geelong.

---L.
[identity profile] prettygoodword.livejournal.com
maxixe (mak-SEEKS or mah-SHEE-shi) - n., a Brazilian ballroom dance in a moderate duple measure with a syncopated rhythm, sometimes called the Brazilian tango.


Here's one for you Scrabble players. Okay, so you'd have to use a blank, but it's still a rocking play. And a rocking dance. It was developed out of the Afro-Brazilian lundu and the European polka in Rio de Janeiro in the 1860s (roughly contemporaneous with the Argentinian tango), becoming internationally popular in 1914, just before the Great War. The second pronunciation is close to the original Brazilian Portuguese. As for the name's origin, I'll quote the Random House dictionary: "Brazilian Portuguese: lit., West Indian gherkin (allegedly a name given to a Carnival figure, from which the dance took its name), said to be < Kimbundu," that last being an Angolan language.

She placed a maxixe record on the Victrola that stood by the piano, then held out her arms to him.

---L.
[identity profile] prettygoodword.livejournal.com
kabocha (kah-BOH-chah) - n., an Asian variety of the winter squash Cucurbita maxima with a sweet flesh and tender skin.


Introduced to the west from Japan, along with the Japanese name (南瓜), but grown throughout eastern and southeastern Asia, which is reflected in the name: it was introduced to Japan by Portuguese sailors, who called it Cambodia abóbora, lit. Cambodian pumpkin, where it was shortened to kabocha -- Portuguese -dia being pronounced very closely to Japanese -cha. In Japanese, the word is also used for pumpkins in general, even though it's actually a variety of buttercup squash. Delicious stuff, too -- sweeter than a standard buttercup, with a skin that softens to edibility when cooked.

The toddler took a hesitant bite of the offered kabocha, thought a moment, then pointed to the bowl with an eager, "Moir!"

---L.
[identity profile] theidolhands.livejournal.com
rusk [rəsk]:
origin: [1595] Portuguese; rosca = coil (or twisted roll).

noun
Piggy-backing on yesterday's entry (get it?), let's cover another lesser-known world outside of the British empire: rusk.

Even famed British chef Heston Blumenthal agrees that a banger without filler may be tasty, but it just doesn't taste right, to get the traditional banger...you need filler: PORK + Some starch, like the soldiers of two world wars enjoyed. Typically bread crumbs might be used, but this being old England, it stands to reason that leftover biscuit crumbs were more likely to appear in many a traditional recipe books.

And that is exactly what "rusk" is: a twice-baked plain biscuit (or very lightly seasoned with an herb like sage or nutmeg); an egg-less bread that is dense and flat. Rusk is modernly used as a form of baby food, cullinary as filler, and once used in ancient times for long sea voyages (theoretically, it could still make a useful travel or camping food). You'll also see this term used on East Indian goods and other parts of Europe, yet it's likely unknown to most Americans.



RECIPE
1 pound all purpose flour
1 teaspoon salt
5 teaspoons Double Acting Baking Powder
7 ounces water
butter


Preheat the oven to 450 degrees. Meanwhile, sieve all of the dry ingredients into a large bowl. Add the water and use your hands to form it into a dough. Smear some butter over a baking sheet. Roll out the dough until it is about 1/2" thick. Transfer it to the baking sheet. Place in the oven for 10 minutes. Remove the sheet, cut the dough into 1/2" inch strips. Set each strip on its side. Lower the heat to 375 degrees and then return the pan to the oven. Cook for 10 minutes. If the bread is nice and firm, then remove and set aside. If it is still soft, then flip all the strips and place back in the oven for another 5 minutes or so.

Full recipe for use in bangers, found here.
[identity profile] prettygoodword.livejournal.com
acajou (AK-uh-zhoo) - n., the cashew tree, its fruits, or its resin; the wood of any of several species of mahogany.


Given that the cashew tree is not related to the mahoganies, interesting that this word came to be applied to the wood -- and it's not at all clear from the traces online how this happened. Nor is it clear which way the application went: the word is from French acajou, cashew, from which the English cashew also derives, from Portuguese, acaju, from Old Tupi acaju or agapú or acajuba or aka'iu -- the dictionaries have a range of romanizations, if those aren't actually different words, and disagree on what it/they meant, either cashew or mahogany. If anyone can provide clarity on the matter, I'd appreciate it.

Across the clearing were the spreading branches of a fine old acajou.

---L.
[identity profile] nerdfury.livejournal.com
L’appel du vide
French
“The call of the void” is this French expression’s literal translation, but more significantly it’s used to describe the instinctive urge to jump from high places.
Ya’aburnee
Arabic
Both morbid and beautiful at once, this incantatory word means “You bury me,” a declaration of one’s hope that they’ll die before another person because of how difficult it would be to live without them.
Duende
Spanish
Originally used to describe a mythical, spritelike entity that possesses humans and creates the feeling of awe of one’s surroundings in nature, its meaning has transitioned into referring to “the mysterious power that a work of art has to deeply move a person.”
Saudade
Portuguese
This word “refers to the feeling of longing for something or someone that you love and which is lost.” Fado music, a type of mournful singing, relates to saudade.
[identity profile] nerdfury.livejournal.com
Slightly late, sorry! Totally unintentional. Extra word for you, too.

Koi No Yokan
(Japanese)
The sense upon first meeting a person that the two of you are going to fall into love.
(and no, I don't think 'love at first sight' is the same. I asked a Japanese guy at work what he thought of the phrase, and he said it's deeper, insofar that it's more when you've met someone, had enough tome to get a sense of them, and then felt you might fall in love, as opposed to just seeing someone and falling in love. Can anyone corroborate or correct this?)

Mamihlapinatapai
(Yaghan language of Tierra del Fuego)
This word captures that special look shared between two people, when both are wishing that the other would do something that they both want, but neither want to do.

Fremdschämen (German); Myötähäpeä (Finnish)
The kindler, gentler cousins of Schadenfreude, both these words mean something akin to “vicarious embarrassment.”

Cafune
(Brazilian Portuguese)
Tenderly running your fingers through your lover’s hair.

Greng-jai
(Thai)
That feeling you get when you don’t want someone to do something for you because it would be a pain for them.

Kaelling
(Danish)
You know that woman who stands on her doorstep (or in line at the supermarket, or at the park, or in a restaurant) cursing at her children? The Danes know her, too.


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